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To understand how Maharishi Ayurveda works, it is first necessary to understand the three fundamental biological principles called doshas:
Three different principles determine the constitutional type

In Maharishi Ayurveda everything in creation has its own kind of constitution. Each individual has a particular physical and spiritual make-up that distinguishes him from others. After becoming familiar with these principles, even a beginner will be able to understand his metabolism, behaviour, moods and characteristics. The three doshas (VATA, PITTA, and KAPHA) are the principles that underlie and regulate all bodily functions.

Our body responds like a cybernetic system
Our body is a cybernetic system. That means it is self-regulating and with the help of a complex feedback system continually strives to compensate for disturbances it experiences. For example, the body will try to counterbalance a constant Vata stimulus by activating its own reserves of Kapha and Pitta . If these reserves have been used up, then a health disorder will develop.
We must understand that the doshas operate within a natural range. We should not consider the balance of the doshas to be a fixed ratio of Vata, Pitta and Kapha. The three doshas react amongst each other according to changing circumstances. This is a continual and extremely dynamic regulating activity. Good health is not a state, it is a process. Our body is continually regenerating itself.
Toxins overload the mind and body

We are constantly interacting with our environment. We absorb toxins from the air and from our food. These are then absorbed into our cells and tissues. Incorrect digestion of our food, negative moods and emotional pressure can create toxins. These toxins impede healthy metabolism and hinder the supply of nutrients to the cells, which is necessary for healthy functioning. This impairs the normal efficiency of our organs. These deposits, combined with an imbalance of the doshas, are responsible for almost all illnesses.

For Ayurvedic experts the three energy forms of VATA, PITTA and KAPHA are found not only in the human physiology but also as the subtle driving forces in all of creation. The orderly interaction of the subtle energies of the three doshas gives rise to all aspects of the outer world. The Ayurvedic practitioner can recognise which dosha is predominant by studying the bodily structure, emotional condition, diet, seasons and time of day.

Everything that has an effect on our physiology, whether it is food or experiences through the other senses, influences the three doshas. If you see the colour of red, this sensory image will increase Pitta. Eating something sweet increases Kapha. Vata increases when not enough rest is taken. The doshas are also affected by internal stimuli. Nervousness increases Vata; aggressive thoughts raise the level of Pitta; loving thoughts stimulate Kapha.

  Vata
Element   Air and Space

Location in the body

 

Colon / Reproductive organs

Function  

Movement

Times of day

  02:00 – 06:00
14:00 – 18:00

Season

 

Late autumn / winter

Properties

  Dry, light, cold, subtle, moving, rough, clear, quick, flexible

Mental characteristics

  Restless mind, poor memory, avoids confrontation, active, sensitive, creative occupation, puts himself under pressure, easily tired
Function in the body   Enthusiasm, respiration, all types of movement, supports circulation, elimination of bodily waste products
  Pitta

Element

 

Fire and water

Location in the body

 

Middle of the body, heart, lower part of stomach, liver, gall bladder, spleen, and small intestine

Function

  Metabolism

Times of day

  10:00 – 14:00
22:00 – 02:00

Season

  Summer, early autumn

Characteristics

 

Hot, sharp, fluid, slightly oily, sour

Mental characteristics

 

Intelligent and precise, but quickly irritable

Functions in the body

  Sight, digestion, warmth, skin colour, hunger, thirst, appetite, elasticity and flexibility of the body, intellectual ability
  Kapha
Element   Water and earth
Location in the body  

Head and respiratory organs, upper body

Function

  Structure and substance

Times of day

  06:00 – 10:00
18:00 – 22:00

Season

 

Spring

Characteristics

  Heavy, cool, soft, viscous, sweet, firm, oily, slow

Mental characteristics

  Heavy, cool, soft, viscous, sweet, firm, oily, slow

Functions in the body

 

Maintaining the suppleness of the body and its organs, stability of the body, strength, patience, power, forbearance, courage, generosity, protecting the joints

 
 
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